The In-Service Exam Rationales & References Study Guide is created as a post-exam study tool, to be used in conjunction with the exam results from the In-Service Exam. When used in conjunction, you may review full discussion and references in relation to missed content. By using the explanations and references to direct study, examinees will focus on fully understanding the concepts being covered – enhancing the ability to retain and recall information in practice. All materials have been compiled by the ASPS In-Service Examination Committee along with the National Board of Medical Examiners® professional staff. All questions were reviewed and found to be objective and supported by appropriate review of the literature and align with evidence-based research. Content in this education activity has been reviewed by peers and professionals to determine that the content is fair, balanced, and unbiased.