Episode 3: Phalloplasty and the Controversies of Penile Transplantation and Vascularized Composite Allograft

In this episode, we explore phalloplasty—surgery to construct a penis—and the various techniques, goals, and challenges involved in the procedure. We also examine the controversies surrounding penile transplantation and other complex reconstructive surgeries known as vascularized composite allografts (VCAs). The discussion covers medical risks, ethical concerns, and how these procedures fit into the broader landscape of gender-affirming and reconstructive care.