Plastic Surgery Essentials for Students-Chapter 7: Skin and Subcutaneous Lesions

Chapter 7: Skin and Subcutaneous Lesions

Pdf Summary

The document is a comprehensive guide on skin and subcutaneous lesions, authored by Sabrina Pavri, MD, and Cindy McCord, MD. It primarily addresses the classification, presentation, and treatment of various benign, premalignant, and malignant skin lesions.<br /><br /><strong>Benign Lesions</strong>:<br />1. <strong>Acrochordon (Skin Tag)</strong>: Small pedunculated papules; treatment involves cryotherapy or snip/shave excision.<br />2. <strong>Epidermal Inclusion Cyst</strong>: Firm nodules, often with a central punctum; treated with drainage or surgical excision.<br />3. <strong>Pilar Cyst</strong>: Common on the scalp, lacking central punctum; treated via surgical excision.<br />4. <strong>Pilomatricoma</strong>: Hard subcutaneous masses; excision is necessary.<br />5. <strong>Seborrheic Keratosis</strong>: Hyperpigmented papules; often removed for cosmetic reasons.<br />6. <strong>Other Benign Lesions</strong>: Include trichoepitheliomas, eccrine poroma, verrucous nevus, desmoid tumor, keratoacanthoma, among others; most require excision as treatment.<br /><br /><strong>Premalignant and Malignant Lesions</strong>:<br />1. <strong>Actinic Keratoses</strong>: Rough lesions due to sun exposure; risk of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatment includes topical therapies and cryotherapy.<br />2. <strong>Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)</strong>: Scaly lesions due to chronic sun exposure; requires surgical margins or Mohs surgery for high-risk cases.<br />3. <strong>Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)</strong>: Features include "rodent bite" ulcers; treatment includes surgery and pharmacological options like Vismodegib.<br />4. <strong>Melanoma</strong>: A significant cancer with various types like superficial spreading and nodular; treatment varies by type and thickness, including surgical excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy.<br />5. <strong>Other Malignancies</strong>: Includes Merkel Cell carcinoma, angiosarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, among others, often requiring excisional surgery or targeted therapies.<br /><br /><strong>Vascular Anomalies</strong>:<br />1. <strong>Hemangiomas</strong>: Infantile and congenital types, typically showing rapid growth; treatment includes medication or surgery.<br />2. <strong>Vascular Malformations</strong>: Such as capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous malformations; treatments range from laser therapy to sclerotherapy or surgical excision.<br /><br />The guide provides essential insights into dermatological and surgical management strategies for various skin conditions.

Keywords

skin lesions

benign lesions

premalignant lesions

malignant lesions

dermatology

cryotherapy

surgical excision

actinic keratoses

squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma